Animals generally avoid an unwanted situation by escaping stereotype behavior. For example, Drosophila larvae often escape from aversive stimuli in the head, such as mechanical stimuli and blue light irradiation, with rear drive. The response to the aversive stimulation is mediated by a variety of sensory neurons including mechanosensory class III da (C3da) sensory neurons and blue light responsive da class IV (C4da) sensory neurons and this Bolwig organ (BO). How different sensory pathways evoke the rear drive circuit level is still not fully understood.
Here we show that a pair of cholinergic neurons in subesophageal zone, designated AMBS, evoking a strong backward movement upon activation optogenetic. Anatomic and functional analysis showed that AMBS act upstream mDNS, command-like neurons to move backwards. Functional analysis further suggests that special AMBS deliver blue light information from neuron C4da hostility to mDNS to obtain a rear drive, while the hostility of convergent BO information on mDNS through AMB-independent pathway. We also found that, unlike in adult flies, mDNS is removed to a dead-end-evoked retreat into larvae. Our findings thus reveal the neural circuit in which two blue lines of light-sensing different gathered at a command such as neurons to generate driving force behind the strong, and suggest that different but most excessive neuronal circuits including commands such as neurons may be used to push back the driving in response to stimuli different sensory as well as in adults and larvae.
How insects navigate the complex smell of fur, where the location and timing uncertain smelly package, is still unclear. Here we imaged a complex odor fur along with free-running flies, measured how behavior is formed by a meeting with the smell of individual packages. We find that the navigation is stochastic and not rely on continuous modulation speed or orientation. Instead, it turns stochastic flies with saccades stereotypes, the direction of bias against the wind by the smell before the meeting time, while the amount and rate of saccades remain constant.
Dissection and Live-Imaging Final Drosophila embryo gonad
The gonads of male Drosophila melanogaster embryo is profitable models to study various aspects of developmental biology including, but not limited to, the development of germ cells, biology Pirna, and the establishment of niche. Here, we present a dissection techniques for live-image gonads ex vivo during the period when the live-imaging in vivo is not very effective. These protocols outline how to transfer embryos for imaging dish, choose the right-staged embryos male and gonads dissected from the surrounding tissue while maintaining structural integrity. Following dissection, the gonads can be imaged using confocal microscopy to visualize the dynamic cellular processes.
The surgical procedure requires a great time and dexterity, but we provide insight on how to avoid common mistakes and how to overcome these challenges. To our knowledge this is the first dissection protocol for Drosophila embryonic gonad, and will allow live-imaging during the window of time otherwise inaccessible. This technique can be combined with pharmacological or cell-type specific transgenic manipulation to study every dynamic process that occurs within or between cells in the gonads their natural environment.
Parasitoid wasp venom vesicles (venosomes) sign in Drosophila melanogaster lamellocytes through endocytic pathway flotillin / lipid raft-dependent
Venosomes is extracellular vesicles found in the venom of Leptopilina endoparasitoids wasps, which transport and targeted virulence factors to ruin encapsulation with lamellocytes egg parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster larvae host them. Using co-immunolocalization of neon venosomes boulardi L. and one-transported suspected virulence factors, LbGAP, with a marker known as cellular endocytosis, we show that endocytosis by lamellocytes venosomes process is not dependent on clathrin or macropinocytosis and internalization seems to bypass the early endosomal compartment Rab5. After internalization, LbGAP strong colocalizes with flotillin-1 and GPI-anchored proteins Atilla / L1 (lamellocyte surface markers) shows entries that occur through flotillin / lipid raft-dependent pathway. Once internalized, venosomes reach all intracellular compartments, including late and recycling endosomes, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum network. Venosomes therefore enter their target cells with specific mechanisms and virulence factors are widespread in the compartment to lamellocytes’ for their Damaging functions.
Transdifferentiation is the conversion of the type of cells that are already differentiated into other types of cells without the involvement of stem cells. This transition is also described in the case of vertebrate immune cells, as well as in Drosophila melanogaster, which therefore serves as a suitable model to study the process in detail. In Drosophila larvae, single-cell sequencing method newest allows clustering of phagocyte blood cells, which plasmatocytes, capable of transdifferentiation into encapsulating cells, which lamellocytes. Here we summarize the available data from previous years on the transition plasmatocyte-lamellocyte, and made an effort to align them with the blood cell grouping based transcriptome to better understand the underlying mechanisms of transdifferentiation in Drosophila, and in general.
Teiresias, the target gene encoding a vain-transmembrane protein immunoglobulin superfamily, is required for neuronal feminization in Drosophila
This study aims to identify the target transcription of FruitlessBM (FruBM), which is the major isoform male-specific transcription factor that induces Frum sexual dimorphisms nerves. A promoter of axon-guidance robo1 factor gene carries a 16-bp palindrome motif Pal1, which Frum binding. Our genome-wide search for Pal1-homologous sequences produce ~ 200 candidate genes.
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
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GRM1192-1KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 7.89 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
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GRM1192-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
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GRM1192-5KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 35.05 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-LR™ |
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™ |
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GRM1273-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™ |
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™ |
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GRM1273-5KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 38.54 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™ |
Ammonium Sulphate extrapure AR, 99.5% |
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88064 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 1.71 |
Description: Part A |
Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydra |
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GRM092-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydra |
Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydra |
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GRM3878-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydra |
Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™/ACS |
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GRM3893-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ammonium sulphate, Hi-AR™/ACS |
Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydrat |
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GRM088-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Aluminium ammonium sulphate dodecahydrat |
Ammonium ceric sulphate dihydrate |
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GRM1203-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 24.41 |
Description: Ammonium ceric sulphate dihydrate |
Ammonium ceric sulphate dihydrate |
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GRM1203-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 109.73 |
Description: Ammonium ceric sulphate dihydrate |
Nickel ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, Hi |
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GRM1396-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 49.58 |
Description: Nickel ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, Hi |
Nickel ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, Hi |
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GRM479-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 28.6 |
Description: Nickel ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, Hi |
Ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, H |
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GRM1026-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, H |
Ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, H |
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GRM1026-5KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 44.47 |
Description: Ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, H |
Ferric Ammonium Sulphate 2.5% (Iron Alum) |
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RRSP501-D | Atom Scientific | 500ml | EUR 7.92 |
Ferric Ammonium Sulphate 2.5% (Iron Alum) |
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RRSP501-E | Atom Scientific | 1L | EUR 11.32 |
Ferric Ammonium Sulphate 2.5% (Iron Alum) |
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RRSP501-F | Atom Scientific | 2.5L | EUR 18.73 |
Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
|||
GRM302-1KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 10.08 |
Description: Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
|||
GRM302-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
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GRM302-5KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 35.05 |
Description: Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate |
Ammonium Sulphate for tissue culture, 99.5% |
|||
88004 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 1.78 |
Description: Part A |
Ceric ammonium sulphate dihydrate, ?Hi-A |
|||
GRM298-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 26.56 |
Description: Ceric ammonium sulphate dihydrate, ?Hi-A |
Ceric ammonium sulphate dihydrate, ?Hi-A |
|||
GRM298-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 119.5 |
Description: Ceric ammonium sulphate dihydrate, ?Hi-A |
Ammonium Sulphate for molecular biology, 99.5% |
|||
82126 | Sisco Laboratories | 250 Gms | EUR 4.93 |
Description: Part A |
Volumetric Sol Ammonium Sulphate 0.5M (1.0N) - 1L |
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AS2051 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 57.58 |
Volumetric Sol Ammonium Sulphate 0.5M (1.0N) - 5L |
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AS2055 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 5L | EUR 170.38 |
EP Reagent 0.1M Ferric Ammonium Sulphate - 1L |
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R3001300 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 533.25 |
Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate, H |
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GRM3887-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.93 |
Description: Ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate, H |
Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Dodecahydrate pure, 99% |
|||
64132 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 1.78 |
Description: Part A |
EP Reagent Ferric Ammonium Sulphate Sol R2 - 1L |
|||
1037702 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 230.85 |
Ammonium Nickel Sulphate Hexahydrate pure, 98% |
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85044 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 9.92 |
Description: Part A |
EP Reagent 0.1M Ammonium and Cerium Sulphate - 1L |
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R3000300 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 533.25 |
Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate Hexahydrate extrapure, 98% |
|||
89944 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 1.51 |
Description: Part A |
Volumetric Sol Ammonium Iron (II) Sulphate 0.1M - 1L |
|||
NHS2011 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 189.48 |
Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Dodecahydrate extrapure AR, 99.5% |
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83147 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 2.53 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Ferric Sulphate Dodecahydrate extrapure, 98% |
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63571 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 2.12 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Ceric Sulphate Dihydrate extrapure AR, 99% |
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38134 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | EUR 9.37 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Nickel Sulphate Hexahydrate extrapure AR, 98% |
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55517 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 16.42 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Ceric Sulphate Dihydrate extrapure AR, ACS, 99% |
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23757 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | EUR 11.02 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Sulphate extrapure AR, ACS, ExiPlus, Multi-Compendial, 99.5% |
|||
26339 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 1.85 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate Hexahydrate extrapure AR, ACS, 99% |
|||
61732 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 2.26 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium Ferric Sulphate Dodecahydrate extrapure AR, ACS, 99% |
|||
29168 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 2.53 |
Description: Part A |
Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Dodecahydrate extrapure AR, ACS, ExiPlus, Multi-Compendial, 99.5% |
|||
61315 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | EUR 2.74 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE105 | GeneOn | 250 g | EUR 55.2 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE106 | GeneOn | 1 kg | EUR 72 |
Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade) |
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CE107 | GeneOn | 5 kg | EUR 153.6 |
Ammonium hydroxide Reagent Grade |
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A30227 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 1KG | EUR 145.59 |
Ammonium sulphamate, Hi-AR™/ACS |
|||
GRM2643-250G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 35.37 |
Description: Ammonium sulphamate, Hi-AR™/ACS |
Ammonium acetate ACS Reagent Grade |
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A29870 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 500G | EUR 226 |
Ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate ACS Reagent Grade |
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F01085 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 500G | EUR 307.5 |
Ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate ACS Reagent Grade |
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F00665 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 25G | EUR 253.7 |
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS Grade |
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A30322 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 25G | EUR 184.48 |
Ammonium Sulphamate (High Purity) extrapure AR, 99.5% |
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62419 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | EUR 4.45 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate-15N (Technical Grade) |
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A612922 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 250mg | EUR 1200 |
Description: 287488-13-5 |
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 98% ACS Reagent Grade |
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A30025 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 500G | EUR 269 |
Ammonium Sulphamate (High Purity) ACS, ExiPlus, Multi-Compendial, 99.5% |
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50012 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | EUR 3.42 |
Description: Part A |
Ammonium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate (Technical Grade) |
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A301920 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 100mg | EUR 85 |
Description: 29081-56-9 |
Dextran Sulphate Sodium Salt 30-50(DSS 35-50) ex. Leuconostoc Sp.Colitis Grade for molecular biology |
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76203 | Sisco Laboratories | 10 Gms | EUR 36.38 |
Description: Part B |
Netilmicin Sulphate (NTC Sulphate), 595ug/mg |
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60609 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | EUR 31.5 |
Description: Part B |
Ammonium Sulfate, Granular |
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40100216-1 | Glycomatrix | 1 kg | EUR 53.98 |
Ammonium Sulfate, Granular |
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40100216-2 | Glycomatrix | 2.5 kg | EUR 139.24 |
Ammonium Sulfate, Granular |
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40100216-3 | Glycomatrix | 5 kg | EUR 233.11 |
Ammonium Sulfate, Granular |
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40100216-4 | Glycomatrix | 500 g | EUR 37.55 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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09857-85 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 35 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02618-25 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 7 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02618-54 | NACALAI TESQUE | 20KG | EUR 163.8 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02619-15 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 8.75 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02619-44 | NACALAI TESQUE | 5KG | EUR 71.4 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02619-86 | NACALAI TESQUE | 20KG | EUR 182 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02620-04 | NACALAI TESQUE | 10KG | EUR 171.5 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02620-75 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 16.45 |
Ammonium Sulfite |
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02629-85 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 24.5 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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02633-15 | NACALAI TESQUE | 500G | EUR 24.5 |
AMMONIUM SULFATE |
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A305 | PhytoTechnology Laboratories | 1KG | EUR 45.52 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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A2149-500G | Biomatik Corporation | 500G | EUR 26.4 |
Description: Ultra Pure |
Ammonium sulfate |
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ADB0060 | Bio Basic | 500g | EUR 74.62 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100g | EUR 90.51 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 19.8 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-10 | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 | EUR 98.8 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 9.8 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 45.6 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-10KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 kg | EUR 156 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 60 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-250 | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 | EUR 12.1 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-250G | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 g | EUR 49.2 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | EUR 55.4 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 16.4 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 54 |
Ammonium sulfate |
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GE2543-5KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 kg | EUR 103.2 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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MBS635423-1kg | MyBiosource | 1kg | EUR 220 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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MBS635423-25kg | MyBiosource | 2.5kg | EUR 395 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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MBS635423-500g | MyBiosource | 500g | EUR 185 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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MBS635423-5kg | MyBiosource | 5kg | EUR 590 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
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MBS635423-5x5kg | MyBiosource | 5x5kg | EUR 2425 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100g | EUR 94 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | EUR 31.7 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 11.9 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 49.2 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 74.4 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-250 | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 | EUR 14.8 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-250G | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 g | EUR 52.8 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
|||
GK6102-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | EUR 102.7 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | EUR 19.8 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 60 |
Ammonium sulfamate |
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GK6102-5KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 kg | EUR 160.8 |
Copper Sulphate |
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abx186748-5g | Abbexa | 5 g | EUR 226.8 |
Sodium sulphate |
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PCT0015-1KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 11.84 |
Description: Sodium sulphate |
Sodium sulphate |
|||
PCT0015-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 6.54 |
Description: Sodium sulphate |
Cesium sulphate |
|||
MB299-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 172.51 |
Description: Cesium sulphate |
Cesium sulphate |
|||
MB299-25G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 40.92 |
Description: Cesium sulphate |
Cerous sulphate |
|||
GRM3329-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 219.76 |
Description: Cerous sulphate |
Copper Sulphate |
|||
abx186748-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 112.5 |
Diethyl Sulphate |
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D444970 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 100g | EUR 176 |
Description: 64-67-5 |
Cadmium Sulphate |
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C059020 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 5g | EUR 58 |
Description: 10124-36-4 |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
PCT0801-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 90.82 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
PCT0801-10G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 9.73 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
PCT0801-1KG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 814.92 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
PCT0801-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 452.69 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
GRM033-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 80.68 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Adenine sulphate |
|||
GRM033-10G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 8.76 |
Description: Adenine sulphate |
Vanadyl sulphate |
|||
RM3817-100G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | EUR 40.21 |
Description: Vanadyl sulphate |
Ferrous Sulphate |
|||
F307855 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 10g | EUR 125 |
Description: 7720-78-7 |
Lobelin sulphate |
|||
MBS5756872-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | EUR 915 |
Lobelin sulphate |
|||
MBS5756872-5x5mg | MyBiosource | 5x5mg | EUR 3970 |
Ammonium sulfate, 99.9999% |
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GX4152 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100g | EUR 307.38 |
Ammonium sulfate, 99.9999% |
|||
GX4152-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | EUR 259.8 |
Ammonium Sulfate 1M |
|||
40120152-1 | Bio-WORLD | 100 mL | EUR 20.46 |
Ammonium Sulfate 1M |
|||
40120152-2 | Bio-WORLD | 500 mL | EUR 52.73 |
Ammonium Sulfate 3.5M |
|||
40121153-1 | Bio-WORLD | 100 mL | EUR 38.09 |
Ammonium Sulfate 3.5M |
|||
40121153-2 | Bio-WORLD | 500 mL | EUR 153.6 |
Ammonium Sulfate 3.5M |
|||
40121153-3 | Bio-WORLD | 250 mL | EUR 69.9 |
Among other things, the potential CG17716 encodes a transmembrane protein with extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) -like domain similar to Robo1. Indeed, the excess is reduced FruBM CG17716 mRNA and protein expression. In fru-expressing neurons Mal cluster shows sexual dimorphism, we find that CG17716 knockdown in neurons women really changed all neurites all types of men.